Kyphosis

The main symptom of thoracic kyphosis and Scheuermann’s disease is an excessive forward curvature of the upper back, giving a hunched or rounded appearance. This is caused by wedge-shaped vertebrae in the thoracic spine. About half of those affected experience back pain. In severe cases, the curvature can restrict lung capacity and cause breathing difficulties.

Non-surgical treatments include observation for mild cases, back braces to prevent worsening of the curve during growth spurts, and physical therapy exercises to strengthen the back and core muscles. Bracing is recommended for curves between 45-75 degrees.

Surgery, typically spinal fusion, is considered for severe curves greater than 75 degrees, neurological deficits, or intractable pain. Surgery can correct the deformity and improve pulmonary function and is typically performed without the need for postoperative bracing. This is because internal implants (rods and screws) are fashioned at the time of surgery and are sufficiently strong to prevent any additional external means of support.